Biochemistry

Fasting glucose

Fasting blood sugar level. Diabetes screening.

from 45–75 MDL10

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Glucose response to a load. Diabetes and gestational diabetes screening.

from 160–260 MDL7

HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin)

Average blood sugar over 2–3 months. Diabetes monitoring.

from 150–240 MDL8

Creatinine

Kidney function marker.

from 45–75 MDL10

Urea / BUN

End product of protein metabolism. Kidney function.

from 40–70 MDL9

Uric acid

Elevated in gout, kidney disease, purine-rich diet.

from 45–80 MDL8

ALT (alanine aminotransferase)

Liver enzyme. Elevation indicates liver damage.

from 45–80 MDL10

AST (aspartate aminotransferase)

Liver and heart muscle enzyme. Paired with ALT.

from 45–80 MDL10

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Elevated in liver, biliary, and bone disease.

from 50–90 MDL8

GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase)

Sensitive to cholestasis and alcohol-related liver stress.

from 50–90 MDL8

Total bilirubin

Marker of liver disease and hemolysis.

from 45–80 MDL10

Direct bilirubin

Conjugated bilirubin fraction. Liver and biliary disease.

from 45–80 MDL8

Lipid panel

Total/HDL/LDL cholesterol + triglycerides. Cardiovascular risk.

from 250–400 MDL9

Total cholesterol

Basic blood lipid marker.

from 50–80 MDL9

HDL cholesterol

"Good" cholesterol — high level lowers atherosclerosis risk.

from 50–80 MDL8

LDL cholesterol

"Bad" cholesterol — elevated level raises cardiovascular risk.

from 50–80 MDL8

Triglycerides

Blood fats. Part of the lipid panel.

from 50–85 MDL8

Apolipoprotein A1

HDL apoprotein. Refines cardiovascular risk.

from 150–240 MDL6

Apolipoprotein B

LDL apoprotein. More precise atherosclerosis risk predictor than LDL itself.

from 150–240 MDL6

Lipoprotein(a)

Genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor.

from 250–400 MDL6

Serum iron

Iron level in blood. Part of anemia workup.

from 60–110 MDL8

Ferritin

Main indicator of iron stores. For fatigue, anemia workup.

from 200–310 MDL9

Transferrin

Iron transport protein.

from 120–200 MDL7

TIBC (total iron-binding capacity)

Indirect indicator of iron stores.

from 120–200 MDL7

Total calcium

Electrolyte. For bone, parathyroid, kidney conditions.

from 45–80 MDL8

Magnesium

Electrolyte. For cramps, arrhythmias, spasms.

from 60–100 MDL7

Zinc

Trace element — immunity, skin, healing.

from 160–260 MDL6

Creatine kinase (CK)

Marker of muscle and heart damage.

from 70–120 MDL7

C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)

Sensitive marker of inflammation and cardiovascular risk.

from 120–200 MDL9

Homocysteine

Vascular risk and vitamin balance marker.

from 270–380 MDL6